Wool yarn spinning process pdf

Although some yarns are sold and used in singles form, such as 1xply, the majority undergoes a twisting process where two singles yarns are twisted together to produce a twofold, or 2xply, yarn. Yarn spinning system is the collective term which describes the sequence of processes that are required to produce a yarn where spinning is the last process in the production of a single yarn. Many of these are then cut into staple lengths and put through the complete spinning process, restoring them to. Dec 08, 2015 a woollen yarn would normally refer to 100% wool, whereas a woollenspun yarn would refer to a yarn spun on the woollen system but which contains other fibres. I say possibly the next to the last because the singleply yarn may not be strong enough to suit your needs and you may want to use a plyer to twist two or more strands together to make thicker strands.

Jul 02, 2016 36 process control and yarn quality in spinning 2. Ringspun yarns produce high quality and are mainly produced in the fine 60 ne, 10 tex to medium count 30 ne, 20 tex range, with a small amount produced in the. Pdf production and properties of core spun yarns and. Cotton fibers are spanned for preparing rotor, carded and combed yarn. Plant fibers and animal fibers constitute the natural fibers. In industrial combing, the remaining short fibers are sold to the woolen industry for spinning woolen yarns. Nov 08, 2016 get a rare opportunity to see how yarn is transformed from raw fibers to spinning. Process control and yarn quality in spinning woodhead. Worsted yarns are used mostly for weaving as it is able to withstand the rigorous weaving process and produce smooth woven fabric. Ring spinning is a comparatively expensive process because of its slower production speeds and the additional processes roving and winding required for producing ring spun yarns. After industrial revolution, many developments have been done by the industry to ease the. Loose fibers are dyed to obtain colored fibers, and the colored fibers are subjected to drawing and vortex spinning to obtain the full melange yarns.

Possibly the yarn production would have been done by a set of two people working together as a team wherein one would be cleaning and spinning the wool, the other would be winding the. Then the spinning machines twist and retwist the roving into yarns of a wide variety of. Doubling is a textile industry term synonymous with combining. Engineered yarns spinning systems patrick yarns eco. Tencel fiber with good structure and good physical mechanical prop. Winding onto cones and folding or twisting into two ply yarns is carried out as for all conventional yarns. The spinning of worsted spun yarn is carried on through the following process. The worsted process forms the carded web into a sliver of fibres, which is made into tops. I hope youve found these posts helpful if youre thinking of trying to process some raw wool in the comfort of your own home. Even today, ring spinning makes the widest range of yarn counts with the highest strength.

During spinning, wool fibres are drawn out and twisted together. Figure 3 shows the composition of a core spun yarn. Combing separates out the short fibers using long, metal tines to draw the fibers through. The full melange yarns are stable and high in quality, short in process. Core spun mvs yarn courtesy of muratec covering fibers. The polymeric melt is then transported, under pressure, to the spinneret.

A manufactured fiber in which the fiberforming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile units ch2ch cn ftc definition. Ring spinning is one of a number of methods for assembling and twisting fibres to form a yarn. When spinning yarns heavier than 200 tex from wool or wool rich blends wear of the yarn on the traveller may occur. In my prefatory remarks to volume xiv on the textile raw materials. In fact, when the blend ratio of polyester was less than 50%, it was very difficult to spin yarn with an acceptable endbreak level on this system. Sirospun spinning process and sirospun yarn breakout device.

Video first seen on spinning my wheels leading a warped life. Free resources for carding and combing fiber spin off. Airjet spinning of cotton yarns cotton incorporated. Roving and wool top are often used to spin worsted yarn. Spun yarns are produced by placing a series of individual fibres or filaments together to form a continuous assembly of overlapping fibres, usually bound together by twist. The joy of handspinning hand spinning wool into yarn with a. Worsted spinning refers to using a worsted technique, which produces a smooth yarn in which the fibers lie parallel. Yarns play an important role in the fabric manufacturing process since a majority of the textile materials are constructed with yarns. Textile spinning mills yarn mills in india usha yarns. The rationale behind texturizing is that all manufactured yarns are made in continuous filament form.

May 14, 2015 i chain plied a single to make a fingeringweight yarn. A yarn that sheds low fly in and around the knitting machine. In the cross section of a yarn there are usually a multiple number of staple fibers short fibers or filaments long fibers of unlimited length. Weaving yarns are normally twofold that is, made up of two yarns twisted together.

Yarn classifications many times cotton spun yarns are classified according to the spinning system used for yarn formation. Small fibres of the wool are twisted together to make a longer and stronger fibre called yarn. This is the most widely used method of staplefibre yarn production. The drawing process can be done in a single process step to a fully oriented yarn foy directly after spinning as it is shown in figure or in two process steps. For making yarns, there are few stages or process need to be done. The thread is spun thick or thin, plied or unplied, and can later be dyed or left natural. Fiber extrusion or conversion of filaments from polymers was also considered as spinning. Each staple and filaments have different stages and system for the production process. The comber machine improves the uniformity and strength of fibers. The yarns are carded and combed thus making them stronger, finer and smoother. The carded wool is ready to process through one of two routes. Part 1 measurements of fibre orientation parameters and effect of. The process takes a fiber mass roving, reduces the mass through fiber drafting, inserts twist for strength, and winds the yarn onto a bobbin. Information on siro spinning principle your global yarn.

Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. Spinning process of textile industry the comber machine is used to convert combed sliver from lap to produce finer and higher quality yarns. There are many variable processes available at the spinning and. Spinning process tencel fiber can be spinned in cotton spinning system, wool processing system and many other systems, and the technological process of spinning is short. Yarn made out of staple fiber is known as spun yarn, because the staple fibers should undergo number of process stages so that a yarn can be made out of them.

The polymer pellets or granules are fed into an extruder where, through heating, their melting temperature is exceeded. Cutting the wool off the sheep with hand shears that look like a big pair of scissors. When i comb longluster wools, my remaining noils go into felt. All process of worsted spinning are described briefly. Emphasis will be placed on process options, yarn properties, and quality determinants. Beyond the basics revised edtionbuilding on the basics presented in the authors previous book, ashford book of spinning, this handbook provides more advanced spinners with information extending beyond the act of spinninghow to spin an adequate yarn and extend the range of yarns produced, what happens during the spinning process, and the relationship between the raw materials and the. After twisting, the yarn is then rewound onto suitable packages either for knitting or for weaving. Drawing, texturing, intermingling and heat setting process. The end of wool fiber will be tied with the hook of the spindle, twist spindle in clockwise direction, if the twist too loose it may break the yarn during process.

The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. Organized in four sectionswool, spinning wheels, yarn design, and projectsthe text provides examples of a global range of fleece types, a detailed examination of the functions of bobbin and flyer wheels, a stepbystep analysis of spinning yarns of a predetermined size and twist count best suited to the properties of the fleece, and informative explanations of different spinning materials. After spools of roving are in place on the spinning frame, the ends of the roving are drawn through small rollers to extend the wool. The ends down rate in spinning elite yarns is reduced by 30 to 60% which improves spinning efficiency. The yarn gradually wears a deep groove, and long before a traveller breaks this groove causes a much hairier rougher yarn to be produced, with possibly more end breaks. During the carding stage, several sources of roving are doubled together and drawn, to remove variations in thickness. Us4228117a melt spinning process for producing nylon 66. Pdf an attempt to produce wool yarn through rotor spinning.

There is much vegetable matter, manure and natural oil that must be removed. In the latter case the fibers are only partly drawn to a partially oriented yarn poy and the final drawing process to fully oriented yarn foy is done at the next process step e. Eventually, i cowrote a couple of articles with carol huebscher rhoades about spinning singleply yarns and replicating millspun yarns for spin off. Handspinning is the art of twisting fiber, fleece, or roving of wool, silk, alpaca, angora, mohair, flax, etc.

Acrylic fibers are produced by two basic methods of spinning extrusion, dry and wet. Yarn formation methods were originally developed for spinning of natural fibers including. Ring spinning is the oldest type of fiber spinning still in use. In 2012 uzbekistan was a major exporter of cotton and uses manual labour during.

Yarn spun from this top will produce a very smooth, durable, and lustrous yarn. Table 2 displays the process parameters used on the mjs and mvs systems. Worsted spinning frames are very similar to shortstaple frames, using roller drafting, aprons to control the fibers during drafting and a ring and traveler system to insert the required amount of twist and to wind the yarn onto a tube. Sometimes as much as 50% of the weight of the fleece is not wool. It is also called grease wool because of all the oil and lanolin in the wool. Yarn definition, yarn types, direct and indirect yarn count systems, twist and its effect on yarn strength, relationship between twist, twist factor and yarn count, twist concentration and contraction, twistuntwist method introduction to the topic a yarn is a relatively strong and flexible assembly of fibres or filaments with or without twist. The fiber forming material is melted and subsequently passed through the holes of a spinneret. Several common system used by the manufacturer in spinning industry for filament yarns. The mvs spinning frame has core spinning capability. Keeping this in mind, process control and yarn quality in spinning outlines the concepts of raw material selection, control of various process parameters to optimise the process conditions, and analysis and interpretation of various types of test reports to find out the source of fault. A speed limitation arises due to the count of the yarn. This procedure or process stages in correct sequence is called spinning. No matter what youre looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. There are two main systems used for processing wool from fibre into yarn.

It works as dust removal equipment and ensure workers health. Mule spinning, however, is more labour intensive and requires greater operator skills than ring spinning. Pdf compact spinning produces a new yarn structure, as the edge fibres are incorporated into. The remaining long fibers are aligned and kept parallel as the top is pulled off the combs. The invention discloses full melange yarns produced by vortex spinning and a process of producing the full melange yarns, which belong to the technical field of textiles. Understanding the fibertoyarn conversion system part ii. The last step in producing yarn is what we call spinning, and the ringspinning frame does that very. Interpreters, dressed in period costume, demonstrate the process, from shearing using hand shears to preparing the wool for spinning and weaving. In this article, we are going to know about the various processes which lead to the formation of worsted spun yarns. Pdf a research on the compact spinning for long staple yarns. Watch for the means of fibre control which set wool processing apart from short staple. Spinning wheel is used in this machine for spinning process. Spinning is the most important and the initial step in fabric manufacturing.

On average, sirospun technology lowers the processing costs of spinning by 56 per cent. This is a process in which a filament or staple yarn is fed behind the front roll of the drafting system and covered or wrapped with another fiber during the spinning process. In the 20th century, another method called rotor or openended spinning spun fibers into yarn without. After the fabric is formed, it is generally subjected to finishing andor dyeing process, in which the. Cotton to yarn process yarn manufacturing process how. A new process called coverspun r, recently patented by the leesona corporation, is described. Engineered yarns spinning systems patrick yarns success in developing performance yarns for specific end uses exemplifies our commitment to excellence. The yarn issuing from the drafting rollers passes through a threadguide, round a traveller that is free to rotate around a ring, and then onto a tube or bobbin, which is carried on a spindle, the axis of which passes through a center of the ring. Our experienced team evaluates the best fiber blend, coupled with the specific spinning technology that will best meet our customers desired performance and cost parameters.

List of machineries used for cotton yarn preparation. As an example, in ring spinning the technologically possible range is 295 tex 2s n e to 3 tex 200 s n e and for rotor. Spin worsted yarn from combed top for smooth, longwearing garments. Textile spinning process of cotton yarn textile learner. The manufacturing apparatus is composed by combining a wool spinning apparatus with a cotton spinning apparatus. Finer, smoother, better quality cotton yarns, known as combed cotton yarns, are produced by combing the fibres prior to spinning. The worsted process forms the carded web into a sliver of fibres, which is.

Mar 20, 2018 yarn spinning is the process of manufacturing yarn from different types of fibres into a continuous length from one or more type of fibers. During 1998 a new spinning technology, solospun, was released and subsequently displayed at the 1999 paris itma exhibition. Melt spinning process melt spun fibers can be extruded from the spinneret in different crosssectional shapes round, trilobal, pentagonal, octagonal, and others. Mule spinning enables finer yarns to be spun than ring spinning, due to the lower tensions involved and the advantages of spindle drafting over roller drafting, drafts often being about 5% higher. In the woollen process the carded web of fibres is split into many strips which are rubbed into slubbings delicate yarn like threads ready for spinning into yarn. The productivity of the conventional melt spinning process for producing undrawn polyhexamethylene adipamide carpet and tire yarns is increased by utilizing a heat feed roll e. There are various types of spinning methods for producing various types of yarn. Trilobalshaped fibers reflect more light and give an attractive sparkle to textiles.

Introduction of acrylic fiber properties of acrylic fiber. This fleece must be cleaned before it can be processed into wool yarn. Yarns are also used for products such as sewing and embroidery thread, string, and rope. Spinning is the process by which wool fibre is turned into yarn. Fundamental principles of ring spinning of yarns request pdf. Texturizing continuous filament yarns are often referred to as bcf yarns bulked continuous filament yarns. Each of the yarn is prepared in various techniques. The fibres are twisted around each other to give strength to the yarn. The yarn will be wrapped at the below section of the spindle. Yarns are produced in various sizes and textures, and also vary in other characteristics. Core spinning is a process by which fibres are twisted around an existing yarn, either filament or staple spun yarn, to produce a sheath core structure in which the already formed yarn is the core. Thus, it includes all processes which aim to clean wool including those which. The fundamental yarn formation concept, employing a wrapping of fine denier continuous filament around untwisted staple fiber, produces an integrated multicomponent yarn.

May 24, 2017 spinning is the twisting together of drawn out strands of fibers to form yarn, though it is colloquially used to describe the process of drawing out, inserting the twist, and winding onto bobbins. Pdf impact of different stages of spinning process on. Analysis on the spinning process and properties of tencel yarn. It is based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, yarn. At usha yarns, we only use the best textile fiber recycling and spinning technologies available to spun our yarns. Cn102517721a full melange yarns produced by vortex. Process raw fleece for spinning part 2 ribbing yarns. Fundamentals of yarn technology the australian wool. Spinning is the last, or next to the last, step in making yarn. Kathirrvelu professortextile technology eitexbdu 1. Impact of different stages of spinning process on fibre orientation and properties of ring, rotor and airjet yarns. Wet spinning, dry spinning, melt spinning, bicomponent. Spin woolen yarns from carded rolags for soft, lofty yarns. The major systems utilized today are ring spinning, openend spinning, and airjet spinning mjs and mvs.

Lubrication oiling the effectiveness and efficiency of woollen carding, and in particular fibre breakage, are dependent upon various factors, notably fibre. Roving is the raw material for spinning, its a very uniform strand of fibres even, straight fibres ready for spinning. Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. Slubbings drafted against false twist on spinning frame or mule and real twist inserted to form a yarn. Before i became a spinner, singles yarns were one of my favorite yarns to knit with. These are similar to ringspun yarns and usually made from short staple fibres. It can be used for various processes during spinning. If we notice, we will see that the cotton fiber s are converted. Introduction to spinning process online clothing study. In 1828, a machine was invented to mechanize the process and it became known as ring spinning. Different spinning methods are available in making yarns, including ringspun, rotorspun, twistless, wrapspun and corespun yarns ringspun yarns.

This video will show you how the raw fibers goes through gilling, rub roving, spinning, doubling, twisting. Nov 01, 2010 building on the basics presented in the authors previous book, ashford book of spinning, this handbook provides more advanced spinners with information extending beyond the act of spinninghow to spin an adequate yarn and extend the range of yarns produced, what happens during the spinning process, and the relationship between the raw materials and the final outputfor greater mastery. Our quality and research team work continually to improve each detail of our manufacturing processes to ensure you to get the best quality yarns which surpass the highest standards of the any regenerated recycled yarn textile manufacturing company. Building on the basics presented in the authors previous spinning book, ashford book of spinning find it further down the page, this handbook provides more advanced spinners with information extending beyond the act of spinninghow to spin an adequate yarn and extend the range of yarns produced, what happens during the spinning process, and the. Here is wool prior to making a yarn its called a roving.

In the dry spinning method, material to be spun is dissolved is a solvent. Spinning pure cotton and the polyestercotton blend with 83% of cotton ratio was not possible for mjs system. Ring spinning, the widely used yarn formation technique. Mar 23, 2019 spinning is the process of conversion of textile fibers and filaments into yarns for weaving or knitting into fabrics.